|
The Jews in Norway are one of the country's smallest ethnic and religious minorities. The largest synagogue is in Oslo. A smaller synagogue in Trondheim (63° 25' N) is the world's fifth northernmost synagogue.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://alnakka.net/w/index.php?title=En:Synagogues_at_extreme_latitudes )〕 ==History== Although there likely were Jewish merchants, sailors and others who entered Norway during the Middle Ages, no efforts were made to establish a Jewish community. Through the Early Modern period Norway, still devastated by The Black Plague, was ruled by the originally German House of Oldenburg in Denmark and later the French House of Bernadotte in Sweden, Norway thusly prohibited Jews by royal edict from Copenhagen or Stockholm. 1492 The first known mention of Jews in public documents relates to the admissibility of so-called “Portuguese Jews” (Sephardim) who had been expelled from Spain and Portugal in 1492 and 1497. Some of these were given special dispensation to enter Norway. 1641 Christian IV of Denmark-Norway gave Jews limited rights to travel within the kingdom, and in 1641, Ashkenazi Jews were given equivalent rights. 1687 Christian V rescinded these privileges in 1687, specifically banning Jews from Norway, unless they were given a special dispensation. Jews found in the kingdom were jailed and expelled, and this ban persisted until 1851.〔 1814 In 1814, Norway formulated its first constitution that included in the second paragraph a general ban against Jews and Jesuits entering the country. Portuguese Jews were exempt from this ban, but it appears that few applied for a letter of free passage.〔 When Norway entered into the personal union of Sweden-Norway, the ban against Jews was upheld, though Sweden at that point had several Jewish communities. On 4 November 1844, the Norwegian Ministry of Justice declared: ''"...it is assumed that the so-called Portuguese Jews are, regardless of the Constitution’s §2, entitled to dwell in this country, which is also, to () knowledge, what has hitherto been assumed."'' 1851 After tireless efforts by the poet Henrik Wergeland, politician Peder Jensen Fauchald, school principal Hans Holmboe and others, the Norwegian parliament lifted the ban against Jews in 1851 and they were awarded religious rights on par with Christian dissenters.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.dmt.oslo.no/no/joder_i_norge/historie/frem_til_1900/Norge+%C3%A5pnet+portene+for+j%C3%B8dene+f%C3%B8rst+i+1851.9UFRjK2P.ips )〕 1892 - 1946 The first Jewish community in Norway was established in Oslo in 1892. The Jewish community grew slowly until World War II. It was bolstered by refugees in the late 1930s and peaked at about 2,100.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.dmt.oslo.no/no/joder_i_norge/historie/frem_til_1900/Den+f%C3%B8rste+j%C3%B8diske+innvandringen.9UFRjK3Q.ips )〕 During the Nazi occupation of Norway, nearly all Jews were either deported to death camps or fled to Sweden and beyond.〔 The Jews fleeing to Sweden were in many cases assisted by the Norwegian underground movement, consisting mostly of non-Jewish Norwegians, but sometimes had to pay guides to lead them over the border. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Jews in Norway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|